在第14届圣加仑国际乳腺癌大会上,来自意大利欧洲肿瘤研究所的Viviana Galimberti博士以“Feasibility of sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer after neoadjuvant treatment( 乳腺癌新辅助治疗后前哨淋巴结活检的可行性 )”为题进行了专题报告,并在会后接受了《肿瘤瞭望》的采访。
美国ASCO 2014年就发布了有关早期乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检(sentinel lymphnode biopsy,SNB)的相关指南,对于可手术的多中心肿瘤、导管原位癌乳腺切除、既往乳腺和或腋窝手术等情况,指南中认为,临床医生也可进行SNB,在新辅助全身治疗时进行SNB的证据强度和推荐力度都是中等。
《肿瘤瞭望》:乳腺癌局部治疗的发展趋势是“越做越小”。越来越多的研究试图证明不进行腋窝淋巴结清扫也是安全的。请您总结一下最近的更新,我们可以从中得出什么结论?
Galimberti博士:有两个与前哨淋巴结活检相关的重要试验。一个是IBCSG试验,在前哨淋巴结活检发现微转移的患者中进行了随机分组对比,一组接受腋窝清扫,另一组条不做。中位随访5年,我们发现没有任何证据表明腋窝清扫能改善预后。这是个重要发现,这表明在进行保乳手术或乳腺切除时,即使发现一个前哨淋巴结微转移(<2 mm),也可不做腋窝清扫。
另一个重要的试验是Z0011研究,在接受保乳手术加前哨淋巴结活检的患者中进行,活检发现有一个或两个淋巴结宏转移灶(>2 mm)的患者被随机分组,施行腋窝清扫或不施行腋窝清扫。即使在这种情况下,总生存率和无病生存率也是相似的。也就是说,在这种情况下,如果实施了辅助治疗和全乳放疗,可以不施行腋窝清扫。
《肿瘤瞭望》:现在新辅助化疗正被广泛应用,患者也从中获益。然而,也有一些问题随之而来。在您的演讲中,你探讨了其中有关新辅助化疗后前哨淋巴结活检的问题。它的意义和可行性是什么,我们如何解释这种情况下活检的结果?
Galimberti博士:如果患者一开始是腋窝淋巴结转移阴性,新辅助治疗后进行前哨淋巴结活检。大量研究已经证实,这很安全,因为我们可以很容易地发现转移的淋巴结,识别率很好、假阴性率低。
存在争议的是,如果一位患者在新辅助治疗前经细针穿刺活检证实腋窝淋巴结阳性,对于那些在治疗后转为阴性的患者,是否应该进行前哨淋巴结活检?几个前瞻性研究(SNAC,SENTINA和Z1071)结果表明进行前哨淋巴结活检和腋窝清扫的假阴性率很高,所以他们建议在这类病例中不施行腋窝清扫时需要谨慎。但是,没有人研究这些患者的结局。我们做的一项研究表明,即使我们对那些前哨淋巴结阳性、然后转为阴性的患者进行前哨淋巴结活检,患者的结局没有什么差异。
(在演讲中,Galimberti博士总结认为,对于cN1患者,不应根据假定的高假阴性率就否定SNB;对于新辅助治疗后肿瘤分期从cN1/2变为cN0的患者,进行SNB也是可行的,特别是乳腺无残留病变的患者,在这种情况下,前哨淋巴结的状态仍然具有预测价值,当然在乳腺有残留病变的患者中也是如此,此时腋窝清扫对预后并无影响。)
《肿瘤瞭望》:请谈谈您对乳腺癌复发后二次前哨腋窝淋巴结活检的看法?
Galimberti博士:在最初开展前哨淋巴结活检时,我们认为复发时淋巴结重复活检是不可能的。但最近,我们发表了一项研究,结果显示有时淋巴闪烁成像可以再次发现腋下的新前哨淋巴结,这样就有机会通过前哨淋巴结活检再次避免腋窝清扫。
访谈原文
Oncology Frontier: Less extensive procedures are keeping the trend of local therapy in breast cancer. More and more studies are trying to prove the omission of axillary dissection is safe. Could you summarize the latest updates and what conclusions we can draw from them?
《肿瘤瞭望》:乳腺癌局部治疗的发展趋势是“越做越小”。越来越多的研究试图证明不进行腋窝淋巴结清扫也是安全的。请您总结一下最近的更新,我们可以从中得出什么结论?
Dr Galimberti: There are two important trials linked to sentinel node biopsy. One is the IBCSG trial which randomized patients with sentinel node biopsy with micrometastases. One arm received axillary resection and one arm didn’t. After a median follow-up of five years, we have found that there is no evidence that axillary resection improves outcomes. This is an important finding because even if we perform conservative treatment or mastectomy, when we find a micrometastatic sentinel node (<2mm) then we can avoid axillary resection. The other important trial is the Z0011 study that randomized patients undergoing conservative surgery plus sentinel node biopsy and those found to have one or two nodes with macrometastases (>2mm) were randomized to axillary resection versus no axillary resection. Even in this case, the overall survival and disease-free survival was similar. So again, in this case, we can omit axillary resection if we perform adjuvant treatment and whole breast radiation.
Galimberti教授:有两个与前哨淋巴结活检相关的重要试验。一个是IBCSG试验,在前哨淋巴结活检发现微转移的患者中进行了随机分组对比,一组接受腋窝清扫,另一组条不做。中位随访5年,我们发现没有任何证据表明腋窝清扫能改善预后。这是个重要发现,这表明在进行保乳手术或乳腺切除时,即使发现一个前哨淋巴结微转移(<2 mm),也可不做腋窝清扫。
另一个重要的试验是Z0011研究,在接受保乳手术加前哨淋巴结活检的患者中进行,活检发现有一个或两个淋巴结宏转移灶(>2 mm)的患者被随机分组,施行腋窝清扫或不施行腋窝清扫。即使在这种情况下,总生存率和无病生存率也是相似的。也就是说,在这种情况下,如果实施了辅助治疗和全乳放疗,可以不施行腋窝清扫。
Oncology Frontier: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is widely used now. Patients benefit from such therapy. However, some questions come up with it. In your lecture you addressed one of this questions regarding sentinel node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. What’s the significance and feasibility of it and how do we interpret the results of biopsies in such a setting?
《肿瘤瞭望》:现在新辅助化疗正被广泛应用,患者也从中获益。然而,也有一些问题随之而来。在您的演讲中,你探讨了其中有关新辅助化疗后前哨淋巴结活检的问题。它的意义和可行性是什么,我们如何解释这种情况下活检的结果?
Dr Galimberti: This is another important issue. The concern is if the patient starts with a negative axilla and after neoadjuvant therapy you perform a sentinel node biopsy. A lot of studies have confirmed that it is safer because we can find it easily and there is a good identification rate but also a low false negative rate. The controversy is if a patient had a confirmed positive axilla with fine needle biopsy before neoadjuvant treatment, and for those who became negative after the therapy, should you perform sentinel node biopsy? Several prospective trials (SNAC, SENTINA and Z1071) showed that performing sentinel node biopsy and axillary resection found a very high false negative rate, so they recommended caution in not performing axillary resection in those cases. But no one studied the outcomes for these patients. We did a study that showed that even if we performed sentinel node biopsy on those who were sentinel node-positive and then became negative, there is no difference in outcome.
Galimberti博士:如果患者一开始是腋窝淋巴结转移阴性,新辅助治疗后进行前哨淋巴结活检。大量研究已经证实,这很安全,因为我们可以很容易地发现转移的淋巴结,识别率很好、假阴性率低。
存在争议的是,如果一位患者在新辅助治疗前经细针穿刺活检证实腋窝淋巴结阳性,对于那些在治疗后转为阴性的患者,是否应该进行前哨淋巴结活检?几个前瞻性研究(SNAC,SENTINA和Z1071)结果表明进行前哨淋巴结活检和腋窝清扫的假阴性率很高,所以他们建议在这类病例中不施行腋窝清扫时需要谨慎。但是,没有人研究这些患者的结局。我们做的一项研究表明,即使我们对那些前哨淋巴结阳性、然后转为阴性的患者进行前哨淋巴结活检,患者的结局没有什么差异。
Oncology Frontier: Could you talk about your experience with second axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer recurrence?
《肿瘤瞭望》:请谈谈您对乳腺癌复发后二次前哨腋窝淋巴结活检的看法?
Dr Galimberti: At the beginning of the sentinel node experience, we thought it would be impossible to repeat node biopsy when there is a recurrence. We have published a study recently showing that sometimes lymphoscintigraphy can reveal a new sentinel node in the axilla again, and that there is another opportunity to avoid axillary resection again with a sentinel lymph node biopsy.
Galimberti博士:在最初开展前哨淋巴结活检时,我们认为复发时淋巴结重复活检是不可能的。但最近,我们发表了一项研究,结果显示有时淋巴闪烁成像可以再次发现腋下的新前哨淋巴结,这样就有机会通过前哨淋巴结活检再次避免腋窝清扫。